In s??dett?v? kakkurengas this work, few-layer graphene materials were produced from Fe-lignin nanocomposites through a molecular cracking and welding (MCW) method.MCW process is a low-cost, scalable technique to fabricate few-layer graphene materials.It involves preparing metal (M)-lignin nanocomposites from kraft lignin and a transition metal catalyst, pretreating the M-lignin composites, and forming of the graphene-encapsulated metal structures by catalytic graphitization the M-lignin composites.Then, these graphene-encapsulated metal structures are opened by the molecule cracking reagents.
The graphene shells are peeled off the metal core and simultaneously welded and reconstructed to graphene materials simply southern cat shirt under a selected welding reagent.The critical parameters, including heating temperature, heating time, and particle sizes of the Fe-lignin composites, have been explored to understand the graphene formation mechanism and to obtain the optimized process parameters to improve the yield and selectivity of graphene materials.